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Fine Art Research
An extensive collection of fine art terms,
techniques, selected artist biographies, etc
Adriaen van Ostade
,1610-85, Dutch genre painter. Van Ostade trained in the studio of Frans
Hals , he was strongly influenced by his fellow student Adriaen Brouwer .
Van Ostade created good-humored depictions of village and peasant life, in
which the figures are lively in expression and action. Van Ostade was
later influenced by Rembrandt , he used a warmer palette and high-contrast
effects. His work after 1650 was refined, the color and light skillfully
balanced. In addition to his more than 1,000 oils, van Ostade executed about
50 graphic works and supplied figures for many other artists' landscapes. He
is represented in important collections throughout Europe and the United
States. Among his many notable works are Peasants in an Inn (The
Hague); The Drinker (Louvre); The Smoker (Antwerp); and The
Old Fiddler (Metropolitan Museum.).
OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY OR OFFSET
One of the
four major industrial printing techniques of which the
others are: letterpress, photogravure and screenprinting.
It has become the most commonly used method in
commercial printing, although its importance in
printmaking is not very great. It is an extension of the
lithographic technique: the image is picked up from the
stone, or more usually plate (either zinc or aluminium
which has either been grained or covered with an
absorbent oxide), by a rubber roller which then reprints
it onto paper. Text and image can be transferred
photographically and prepared in the usual lithographic
technique based on the natural antipathy between grease
and water. The advantage of offset is that it enables
the damping, inking and printing itself to be done by a
series of rollers which enormously speeds the operation,
thereby enhancing the commercial value of the technique.
ORIGINAL
1. The original design is
the one from which a copy or tracing is made for the
block, stone or plate. 2. An original print is produced
when the artist himself has prepared the block, plate or
stone.
OVERPAINT
The covering over of
original areas, as opposed to the limiting of retouches
(in painting) to areas of damage.
OVERPRINTING
There are three methods
of color printing: by juxtaposing the colors; by mixing
the colors before printing; and by printing the colors
on top of each other, i.e. overprinting, to obtain
gradations of tone and different colors. This latter
method takes into account the principal theory that all
color is composed of red, yellow and blue, and is used
particularly in photomechanical processes. Photographic
negatives are made of these colors by means of filters,
and when transferred to plates are overprinted to build
up the image.
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